He is naturally at the head of all religious life and activity in the empire; religious life, as we know, is the characteristic note of the Byzantine period; at every civil or military gathering of the empire, the patriarch participates with the same honors as the emperor. To depart from the good line of conduct that he had been following up to the present. It was in this context — in the aftermath of the Greco-Turkish War and the reign of Meletios, when the Greek community was still deeply divided between Royalists and Venizelists — that the future Patriarch Christophoros wrote his article. The ROC also sees the Ecumenical Patriarch in a strictly limited way, saying Bartholomew can act on behalf of other Orthodox churches only if they make a formal request. It had a Cretan guard come from Greece for the Patriarchate. Patriarch Bartholomew has already visited Ukraine in 1997 and 2008. For further information, At feasts and triumphs, in trials and sorrows, in the defeats of the Byzantine Empire, the patriarch is always present. The Russian Orthodox Church has adopted the same approach as it concerns the Holy Communion in order to oppose the Ecumenical Patriarchate.” The Ecumenical Patriarch spoke of this issue in a video message during the beginning of the 4th Panhellenic Conference on Pilgrimage Tours that took place yesterday in Arta. 2, p. A historical event has taken place here, which we’ve been waiting for many long years. The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, which is responsible for these matters, granted the Church of Ukraine its Autocephaly, sparking fierce reactions in Moscow and the Russian Orthodox Church, which does not recognize the new status of the Church in Kyiv. Russian Orthodox Metropolitan Hilarion of Volokolamsk says the creation of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine with the support of Bartholomew, the Ecumenical Patriarch of … At the end of the European war, precisely after the armistice, Turkey, allied with the defeated Central Powers, was itself likewise defeated. They expected to see their Greek fellow-citizens share in their misfortune. Thus, in its Canon 28, the Fourth Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon, after having confirmed Canon 3 of the Second Ecumenical Council, added that “the metropolitans of the dioceses of Pontus, Asia and Thrace and the bishops of these dioceses established among the barbarians, shall be ordained by the Most Holy See of the Most Holy Church of Constantinople.” After this canon, which the bishop of Rome and those around him protested at the time and still protests, with the goal of raising the prestige and power of the bishop of Constantinople and his actual position within the Church, we have Canon 36 of the Ecumenical Council in Trullo, where we read: “Renewing the enactments by the 150 Fathers assembled at the God-protected and imperial city, and those of the 630 who met at Chalcedon; we decree that the see of Constantinople shall have equal privileges with the see of Old Rome, and shall be highly regarded in ecclesiastical matters as that is, and shall be second after it. Thus we see Canon 3 of the Second Ecumenical Council giving the bishop of Constantinople “primacy of honor after the bishop of Rome, because it is the new Rome.” After this canon, on account of the fact that the bishop of Constantinople, because of his frequent relations with the high political authorities of the empire, was considered an important and influential figure and that it was natural that all the bishops and all the people who needed the power of the state came to him, the bishop of Constantinople, apart from his ecclesiastical territory, started to intervene by necessity in the ecclesiastical affairs of other eparchies, metropoles and even exarchates. The three patriarchs of the East, who had serious arguments opposing the acceptance of the Gregorian calendar by the Orthodox Church, fraternally asked the Ecumenical Patriarchate to defer any decision on changing the calendar, at least until the convocation of an ecumenical council or a great local council, which could decide. What happened in Paris is paradoxical. In general ecclesiastical questions, he asked the opinions of the other patriarchs as before, an opinion that had just as much weight as that of the Ecumenical Patriarch. Moskóvskiy patriarkhát), is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian churches. Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I (right) with Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch Kirill. The principle reason is Constantinople’s elevation to the rank of the capital of the Roman Empire, “honored with the emperor and the Senate;” the spiritual jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, according to the canons of the Church, did not extend beyond the dioceses of Pontus, Asia (today, Asia Minor) and Thrace, including the barbarian nations found in those dioceses, such as the Alans and the Russians; the former, neighbors of the Diocese of Pontus, and the latter, neighbors of that of Thrace (Rhalles-Potlis vol. But why interfere or threaten others? However, the Russian Orthodox Church is one of the few churches that recognizes the primacy of Constantinople in a special document. But these interventions, not based on the holy canons and on the generally democratic spirit of the government of our Church or inspired by the circumstances for a greater good, should be considered arbitrary actions by patriarchs or emperors. The Ecumenical Patriarch, in the Tomos of 1908, by which he granted spiritual oversight of the churches of the diaspora to the Church of Greece, formulates the same claim in these terms: “It is clear that neither the very holy Church of Greece, which our patriarchal throne has made autocephalous with defined boundaries, nor any other church has been able to extend its spiritual authority canonically beyond its own borders. With the exception of the Archbishopric of Constantinople and the surrounding eparchies, apart from the eparchies of the Dodecanese and the not yet liberated metropoles of Greece, the eparchies of the whole of Asia Minor, of Pontus and of current Turkish Thrace have been struck out and are lost forever to Hellenism and especially to the unfortunate Ecumenical Patriarchate which, because of this and because of the implacable vengeance of the Turks, great and small, finished by losing all its erstwhile splendor, life and vigor. Whatever. It is true that from the beginning of that period, since general councils were not convened, the Ecumenical Patriarchate issued canonical decrees that replaced the holy canons in the Church, in the measure that they were not contrary to those of the ecumenical councils; but these decrees were decided and promulgated by the permanent council gathered around the Patriarch of Constantinople, in which patriarchs staying in Constantinople ordinarily took part. 11, 12, etc. The Ecumenical Patriarchate, conforming to the order established by the holy canons, despite the radiance surrounding him, never had such strong pretenses. We are not funded by any of the Churches or religious organizations, nor do we represent the interests of any. There were Greek ministers in Turkey and Greek ambassadors to the European courts. The three patriarchs of the three ancient patriarchates had decided to convoke an ecumenical council or a great local council in Jerusalem during the course of the year. 2. Moreover, would it not be against all logic, at a moment when the Ecumenical Patriarchate is undergoing an ordeal and the enemy of all good has deprived it of all its ancient glory and humiliated it before the world? "It is despicable to hide behind people whom you have raised yourself and whose pastors you consider yourself. The speed with which the foolish and mean-spirited chauvinism of the Patriarchate and the grandees of the nation was manifested, completely unnecessarily, their hatred and scorn towards Turkey had reached the point that when it came time to elect a patriarch of Constantinople, they elected him on the basis of statutes that were completely different from those that were recognized for the election of the patriarch, statutes that the Turkish government had neither seen nor approved, and they did not announce the election, even as a courtesy, to the government in order to have it recognize it. If Patriarch Bartholomew's visit to Ukraine may cause some extremist actions on the part of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (MP), this is a verdict on its pastoralism. The Ecumenical Patriarch declared Oct. 11 he would grant autocephaly to the Orthodox Church in Ukraine. Today the latter provides everything that is necessary for that maintenance and entertainment expenses, but in exchange for that assistance, it has subjugated the Patriarchate which does nothing unless the head of the Ecclesiastical Affairs section at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has approved it beforehand. In general ecclesiastical questions, the patriarchs acted together and only decisions taken in common had the force of law in the Church. 283).[2]. Suddenly and against all expectation, the Ecumenical Patriarch’s entourage, as though seized by inspiration, telegraphed the primates of the autocephalous churches to confirm this decision. In any case, there would have been incomparably fewer evils for Hellenism in Turkey than those that it endures today. These canonical decrees were not imposed on the other patriarchs when they did not take part in the permanent council, but they were willingly welcomed because they were truly wise, inspired and beneficial for the life and salvation of the Christian people. This is what we have seen to a certain degree in Russia. Meletios’ sojourn in Constantinople and the conduct of the locum tenens Dorotheos were to a large degree the cause not only of the Asia Minor disaster, not only of the abolition of our nation’s privileges in Turkey, but also of the whole series of tribulations experienced by the Ecumenical Patriarchate and the Greek population of Turkey that remained after the massacres, emigration, and the population exchange. For these pastors without flocks, they split in two or three the main ecclesiastical territories that remained, such as those of Chalcedon, Derkos, Rhodes and Chios, as well as certain dioceses of Macedonia and Epirus; moreover, they created new eparchies: these were the archdioceses of Western and Central Europe (Thyatira and Hungary), the Archdiocese of America with three bishops, the Archdiocese of Australia and Oceania, and a few others which are still being planned. The Russian Orthodox Church slammed the Greek Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarchate for sending representatives to Ukraine and vowed to retaliate, Hurriyet Daily News says.. Moreover, the Patriarchate has become poor in recent times. For its own maintenance and for its entertainment expenses and for those of the bishops, it has been obliged to resort to support from the Greek government. Ironically, it was Meletios himself who — after becoming Patriarch of Alexandria in 1926 — received the first of these African converts and added “All Africa” to his title. Map of the jurisdictions of the five Patriarchates in the time of St Justinian, depicted on a map from 1800. Russian Orthodox Church patriarch Kirill Gundyaev embraces apparent Chabadnik Jew. When did the Roman Empire end: 1917 or 1922. The article is very obviously an anti-Meletios, anti-Venizelist polemic. If such radiance, such glory and such influence were accompanied by a frivolous plan, there is no doubt that we would have in the east another pope desiring to the submission apart from bishops and patriarchs, even emperors, and to accord himself civil and religious authority. It bears witness to the fact that the modern “barbarian lands” interpretation of Canon 28 was only two years old when the article was written — i.e., developed during the tenure of Meletios. The pandemic, young people, the situation within the Orthodox Churches, the "thorn" of Ukraine, the relations with the Moscow Patriarchate and the completion of 30 years since he ascended to the throne of the Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch, were the main topics of the landmark interview with historic elaboration given to "Vima tis Kyriakis" by Ecumenical Patriarch … Metropolitan Kirill III, who occupied the throne for 30 years, spent almost all of his time in the lands of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus' and visited Kyiv only twice, although earlier he had come from Galicia and had been … The protodeacon stressed that it is the highest measure of obscenity when pastors refer to the fact that their flock will be outraged. After Constantinople shall be ranked the See of Alexandria, then that of Antioch, and afterwards the See of Jerusalem.” Such are the facts and such are the canons by which the bishopric of Constantinople was enlarged and honored equal to those of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem. Paparrigopoulos, History, vol. As for the list of questions to discuss proposed by the letter of the three patriarchs, they did not, it seems, deign to take it into consideration, since the Ecumenical Patriarch’s letter does not mention it, surely so that the three patriarchs would not have the audacity to believe that they also have the right to govern the ensemble of the Holy Churches of God or even to be concerned with it! Patriarch Aleksy II addressed the people: “Dear brothers and sisters, joyous are our hearts. What must first draw attention is that these tendencies of the Ecumenical Patriarchate appeared as soon as it entirely lost– on account of our many sins, we, the shepherds of the Church of Christ– the eparchies “of Pontus, Asia, and Thrace” that the canons of the Ecumenical Councils granted it, a loss sustained following the war in Asia Minor between Greece and Turkey, which left the shepherds of these dioceses without flocks. Thus we were persecuted and our race was threatened with extermination in 1821, during our nation’s uprising in favor of liberty. He was nevertheless very unsympathetic to them because greatly despised them and because, during the allied occupation, he himself played an active part in in the direction of politics in Greece. Meletios was less desirable than anyone for the Turks because, always and everywhere obliged to be an outspoken partisan of the political faction that had raised him to power, instead of fulfilling his ecclesiastical functions, he could not do anything else but politics, just as he had done until then. However, after the brotherly disposition of the autocephalous churches, would it not be impertinent on the part of the Ecumenical Patriarchate to want to interfere as well within the territories of the autocephalous churches?[5]. The synod's October 11 decision is a blow to Moscow and the Russian Orthodox Church, whose branch in Ukraine had long been accepted by Constantinople Patriarchate as the legitimate church there. The start of the business of V.M. One who has reviewed the facts that we have just presented could reasonably wonder: Where do the people of the Ecumenical Patriarchate get the audacity to claim supremacy in the Church, to busy themselves hastily with placing under their jurisdiction every ecclesiastical territory without a leader, to intervene frequently in territories granted by the canons and logic itself to other autocephalous churches, to desire that in general ecclesiastical questions their opinion predominates without scrutiny, even if the other patriarchs and the majority of the autocephalous churches are of a contrary opinion? Meletios’ election was a nightmare for Christophoros, who clashed with Meletios throughout the latter’s Patriarchate. Metropolitan Dorotheos of Prusa, Locum Tenens of the Ecumenical Patriarchate from 1918-21. He presented himself to demand the dissolution of the Turkish Empire and to claim on behalf of Greece the provinces of Asia Minor, Pontus and Thrace, which were inhabited by Greeks. After the Greek and Alexandrian Orthodox Churches followed suit later, Kirill did the same to them. To interfere in the territories of the other autocephalous churches. In his 20-month tenure as Ecumenical Patriarch, Meletios called a “Pan-Orthodox Congress,” introduced the New Calendar, established a bunch of new autocephalous and autonomous churches, took control over the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, and promulgated a new interpretation of Canon 28 of Chalcedon: the “barbarian lands” theory, according to which all territories not part of another Orthodox Church belong to the Ecumenical Patriarchate. The jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, including Pontus, Asia, and Thrace, is in green. As we have at our disposal two sources of ecclesiastical law, the canons of the Church and her practice, we will resort to them to determine to what degree the Ecumenical Patriarchate has the right to claim to be superior to the other patriarchates, as we have described above. His enthronement speech could be called by any other name than that of a speech by a churchman. [4], Freeing itself as much as possible from the tutelage of the Greek government, a tutelage caused by the patriarchate’s penury, being able to free in the future metropoles located in the new regions of Greece and, without seeing the number of eparchies inscribed on its lists diminish, finding as much as possible a place for the bishops without dioceses: such are the reasons that the Ecumenical Patriarchate saw for needing to seek out other countries in order to establish new ecclesiastical provinces and establish bishops there. The explanation for the change of tactics indicated above and followed from the start by the Ecumenical Patriarchate was already suggested at the beginning of this study. 15-17), as having a special significance, has the same value as the title “Judge of the Universe” held by the Patriarch of Alexandria, who is even the pope of the East. These fraternal relations were particularly manifest every time that it was necessary to teach a lesson to papal egotism. Within the Russian Orthodox Church, which is the largest by far of the Orthodox Churches, there is an anti-Kirill branch that opposes Kirill’s ecumenical … Just as the intrusions of the Ecumenical Patriarchate into Russian ecclesiastical territories were anti-canonical– and the Patriarchate of Russia has started to denounce them to the universal Church– so too, and for the same reasons, was its intrusion into the communities of Eastern and Southern Africa anti-canonical. Moreover, it is certain that, in addition to the eastern patriarchates, the other autocephalous churches, with the exception of the Church of Greece, desire an agreement and joint decision of all the Orthodox churches and that it is only in this manner that they would agree to replace the old calendar with the new; it seemed almost certain that the dominant opinion was that the decision should be taken in common by the churches gathered in council. The document is entitled “The position of the Moscow Patriarchate on the issue of primacy in the World Church” and … The church known as the Moscow Patriarchate, aligned with the Russian Orthodox Church, sees itself as the only legitimate church in Ukraine. “Because Turkey doesn’t exist anymore,” he replied. please write to the address, RISU is a project of the Institute of Religion and Society of the Ukrainian Catholic University Copyright for the materials of the Religious Information Service of Ukraine is, © RISU - Religious Information Service of Ukraine, 2001-2021. But what was the greatest challenge to the dignity and honor of the Turkish government was the election as patriarch of Meletios, a character known to be a garrulous braggart, a creature of a political faction famous in Greece. What do the canons say? In all circumstances, happy or sad, in which the Turkish empire found itself, the Greek element, at least through its official representatives, which were the patriarchate and the bishops, followed by the mixed councils and the demogeronties, always showed that they were not only subject to the laws, but also that, even if only in appearance, they were concerned with the well-being of Turkey, which they considered as their own fatherland, which it in fact was. As examples of such annexations, we can cite the ecclesiastical territories of Poland, Finland, Estonia and Czechoslovakia. It is not stated anywhere that he has such a right," the patriarch said at the eighth "Faith and Word" international festival of orthodox media. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. The article was written at a pivotal moment in Orthodox history, when the centuries-old order had just died a violent death, and Orthodoxy was entering a dangerous and uncertain future. And finally, to want, himself alone– that is, without the counsel of the other patriarchs– to pronounce on religious issues of a general nature and, in the case of disagreement with the other patriarchates, to desire that his opinion predominates and that it alone prevails. We have been at the head of every civilizing movement and we drew the greatest advantages from it. Such a dialogue took place between us at the metropolis of Athens in 1919, in the presence of Meletios himself. The papal aims, so to speak, of the Ecumenical Patriarchate were manifest more clearly again this year, in two ecclesiastical affairs: 1) the question of the calendar and 2) that of convoking an ecumenical council or a great local council. At that time, the distraught Turks were convinced of the imminent dissolution of their country. 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