Argos here, a region in the northeastern Peloponnesus. (often lowercase) a long series of wanderings or adventures, especially when filled with notable experiences, hardships, etc. Book I [35k] Book II [36k] Book III [40k] Book IV [62k] Book V [39k] Book VI [31k] Book VII [31k] Book VIII [46k]: Book IX [46k] Book X [45k] Book XI [48k] Book XII [38k] Book XIII [36k] Book XIV [43k] Book XV [44k] Book XVI [38k]: Book XVII [47k] Book XVIII [36k] Book XIX [48k] Book XX [34k] Book XXI [36k] Book XXII [39k] Even though he sometimes falters and some of hi… What makes Odysseus “the man of twists and turns”. THE ODYSSEY Translated by Samuel Butler (1835 – 1902) Adapted for the Scoop by Phil Willmott The play can be performed with narration and roles shared amongst any number of performers of any gender. the palace’s livestock. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Of course, there was so much excitement around the Traverse that I had to circle around a few times before I got my chance to pull the trigger on my Cam… for Troy twenty years earlier. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. In the Circe episode of the Odyssey, Odysseus’ crew are transformed by Circe into pigs and then returned into their human form. Pandareus father of the nightingale. … Here is the Circe passage summarised in brief. The Odyssey has been divided into the following sections: . Perse a sea nymph, wife of the Sungod (Helios) and mother of Circe. Homer’s The Odyssey As you will recall from the last post, Odysseus is the king of Ithaca and one of the heroes of the Trojan War. the constancy of Penelope and Odysseus’s marriage. Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# The odyssey definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Now this may sound wonderful in ancient Greek, I don't know. squalls brief, sudden, and violent windstorms. Although throwing a feast for a guest is a common part of hospitality, hunger and the consumption of food often have negative associations in the Odyssey. In this episode we talk to equipment and bait manufacturers, fishing guides, ministry officials (conservation and regulatory discussion), and muskie fishing lodge owners based in the US and Canada. odyssey and siren and use these words in a sentence that shows their general meaning. The symbolism is heightened by the First, a note about the original Greek poetry of The Odyssey.. In these cases, excessive eating represents not just lack of self-control, but dam the female parent of any four-legged animal. also the total absence of humanity and civility. Malea southeastern cape of the Peloponnesus. Ionian refers to people of the northeastern Peloponnesus. Film Versions of Homer's The Odyssey. The Odyssey is not a lesson plan for growth; the episodes are not didactic examples of the importance of prudence or anything else. Instant downloads of all 1402 LitChart PDFs (including The Odyssey). Thetis a sea goddess, the mother of Achilles. Jason captain of the Argo and leader of the Argonauts in quest of the Golden Fleece; husband of Medea. Icmalius a chair maker and wood craftsman on Ithaca. It was literally a show stopper. Myrmidons legendary Greek warriors of ancient Thessaly who followed their king, Achilles, into the Trojan War. Icmalius a chair maker and … The following script, doubling and line allocation relates to the genders of the original cast of 9. The Odyssey is the story of Odysseus' return home at the end of the Trojan War. The Odyssey, therefore, is a maritime epic right up to the point where the focus of attention is the siege in Odysseus’s house. A central virtuous theme in "The Odyssey" is loyalty. The Odyssey (/ ˈ ɒ d ə s i /; Greek: Ὀδύσσεια, Odýsseia; Attic Greek: [o.dýs.sej.ja]) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer.It is one of the oldest extant works of literature still read by contemporary audiences. Nestor ruler of Pylos and eldest of the Greek leaders. How to use pine in a sentence. Oedipus Abandoned at birth and raised by the king of Corinth, he unwittingly killed his father and married his mother. The characters of The Odyssey include royalty, deities, war heroes, monsters, witches, nymphs and more, spread all over the Mediterranean Sea. They represent lack flesh. The crowd was lost, and no one could discern any meaning from the drawing at all. Odysseus kills the suitors just as they Echetus a mainland Greek king known for his cruelty. Original Cast TBC. Though Achilles generally takes the spotlight in that infamous battle, you could argue that the real hero of the war is Odysseus. Sparta inland city in southern Peloponnesus, located in Laconia, home of King Menelaus and Queen Helen. shroud a cloth, often ornate, used to wrap a body for burial. Nile a major river in Egypt, extending into other parts of eastern Africa. King Priam king of Troy, killed when the city fell to the Greeks. Odysseus, lord of the isle of Ithaca, has been missing from his kingdom for twenty years. Scylla Parnassus a peak (about 8,060 feet high) in southern Greece, north of the Gulf of Corinth. Challenge students to find the derivation of other words from mythology, including atlas, echo, mentor, and morphine. The goddess invites a portion of Odysseus’ crew into her home and while she is feeding them she gives them drugs to forget their homecoming. javelin a light spear designed for throwing. of their love. winnow grain to separate the chaff from wheat or other grain, by tossing it and allowing the wind to blow the chaff away. Messene a city in Menelaus' kingdom of Lacedaemon in the southern Peloponnesus. Pylos a seaport in the southwestern Peloponnesus in southern Greece, capital city of King Nestor. tunic a loose, gownlike garment, sleeved or sleeveless, hanging to the knees and worn by men as well as women. 514-515) for a thorough consideration. when he gets drunk, he vomits up wine mixed with pieces of human Cyprus an island in the Mediterranean off southern Turkey. All rights reserved. Proteus the "Old Man of the Sea," a sea god and servant of Poseidon known for his ability to change shape. Homer Origin and Meaning The name Homer is a boy's name of Greek origin meaning "security, pledge". and any corresponding bookmarks? Mycenae Agamemnon's capital city, in the northeastern Peloponnesus of ancient Greece. humans, but not sheep apparently, and is gluttonous nonetheless: Maruc Maufort and Franca Bellarsi (Brussels, Belgium: Peter Lang, 2002) for a discussion of the sea as metaphor for … Start studying The Odyssey definitions. Hes also the man of twists and turns because his mind twists and turns, helping him to think his way out of dangerous situations. Actor 1: TOYIN AYEDUN-ALASE Learn more. Apollo god of archery and patron of the arts. Only a single flotilla a small fleet of ships or small boats. at least in part to their diets or the way that they eat. In almost all cases, Olympus highest mountain in Greece and legendary home of the gods. When Odysseus left for Troy, he had already established his reputation as a hero. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Helen of Argos the same Helen whose abduction from Sparta brought on the Trojan War. It was a beautiful ride, and as a photographer, I had to get good shots of it. Symbols are objects, characters, figures, and colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. Odyssey definition is - a long wandering or voyage usually marked by many changes of fortune. Penelope, desperately clinging to the hope that her husband i… I was at the 2017 Detroit Auto Show when Honda pulled the covers off of the Honda Odyssey. Tantalus a king punished in Hades by having to stand in water that recedes when he bends to drink it and beneath fruit that ascends when he reaches to eat it. Circe then transforms the crew and drives them into pens (10.233ff). Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on … buckler a small, usually round shield that is carried or worn on the arm or shoulder. bellwether a ram, usually castrated, that wears a bell around its neck and is followed by the other sheep. the monsters of the Odyssey owe their monstrosity or when they eat the fruit of the lotus. So the line goes: dum-da-da dum-da-da dum-da-da dum-da-da dum-da-da dum-da-da. Pine definition is - any of a genus (Pinus of the family Pinaceae, the pine family) of coniferous evergreen trees that have slender elongated needles and include some valuable timber trees and ornamentals. Pramnian a type of wine often used in potions or medicines. Other works in the epic cycle provide further details, … Dionysus god of wine for whom a cult is named, celebrating the power and fertility of nature. Ortygia island where Artemis killed Orion. The Odyssey Questions and Answers. All of these … Thesprotia a region in northwestern Greece. Old Man of the Sea Proteus the shape-shifter, servant of Poseidon. The Laestrygonians seem like nice people—until their queen, Pieria region located north of Mount Olympus. Creon king of Thebes, successor to Oedipus. of hospitality, hunger and the consumption of food often have negative The act or characteristic of moving with extreme care an quietness: Term. An extended adventurous voyage or trip. See Valérie Bada's ‘Derek Walcott's The Odyssey: A Post-Colonial “Odd Assay” of The Epic Genre as a Regenerative Source of “Latent Cross-Culturalities”’ in Crucible of Cultures: Anglophone Drama at the Dawn of a New Millenium, ed. Poseidon in Greek mythology, god of the sea, younger brother of Zeus. about their uninvited guests, they mention how the suitors slaughter Northgate Lie thought for a moment and then used his star energy to draw a rough pattern before everyone. Hera sister and wife of Zeus. His participation in the war was crucial to the Greeks' victory. The opening line of The Odyssey introduces Odysseus by his epithet, the man of twists and turns. Ugly Pike live broadcast from the floor of the 2017 Muskie Odyssey - the largest Muskie Conference in Canada that takes place every 2 years. of discipline or submission to temptation, as when Odysseus tarries Odysseus is the man of twists and turns because his journey, and his story, are anything but straightforward. As with the Iliad, the poem is divided into 24 books.It follows the Greek hero Odysseus, king of Ithaca, and his journey home after the … The Cyclops eats from your Reading List will also remove any Aphrodite goddess of love and beauty, daughter of Zeus. the immovability of their bed—a metaphor for the unshakable foundation Look it up now! How to use odyssey in a sentence. smoke ducts openings high on the walls to allow smoke to escape. As you read Part 1 of Robert Fitzgerald's translation of Homer's "The Odyssey," learn this word list. Sisyphus a cruel king condemned in Hades to the eternal, frustrating effort of rolling a huge stone uphill, only to have it always roll down again. Odysseus’s wanderings and the recovery of his house and kingdom are the central theme of the epic, which also relates how he accomplished the … who is described as “huge as a mountain crag,” tries to eat Odysseus Although throwing a feast for a guest is a common part Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Removing #book# See Fagles and Knox (pp. The first ten were spent fighting in the Trojan War, and the next ten were spent in continual wanderings en route home from the war. — The Odyssey of God Food. Leda a queen of Sparta and the mother, by Zeus in the form of a swan, of Helen and Pollux. trick that Penelope uses to test Odysseus, which revolves around odyssey: 1 n a long wandering and eventful journey Type of: journey , journeying the act of traveling from one place to another Synonym Discussion of pine. Styx one of the rivers of the Land of the Dead across which the souls of the dead are ferried. Rather than a proper drawing, it seemed more like a bunch of random squiggles with nine circular images that were surrounding an unknown object in the middle. Whenever Telemachus and Penelope complain They represent lack of discipline or submission to temptation, as when Odysseus tarries in the cave of the Cyclops, … hallmark a stamp of genuineness or excellence. Achaeans here, a collective name for all Greeks, including Ithacans. The poem is the story of Odysseus, king of Ithaca, who wanders for 10 years (although the action of the poem covers only the final six weeks) trying to get home after the Trojan War. libations liquids poured in offering to a god or gods as part of a religious ritual. fathom a unit of length equal to six feet, used to measure the depth of water. and his men (10.124). Learn more about the Odyssey. Orion mythological hunter or the constellation named after him. The Question and Answer section for The Odyssey is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel. Cythera a Greek island located between the Peloponnesus and Crete. Significantly, while the men take on the shape of pigs, their minds remain human min… naiads any of several nymphs living in and presiding over bodies of water. odyssey definition: 1. a long, exciting journey: 2. a long, exciting trip: 3. a long trip or period involving a lot…. By the time of The Odyssey, she is the somewhat matronly queen of Sparta and content to be the wife of King Menelaus. Odysseus, in Greek legend, the wise and courageous king of Ithaca who is the hero of Homer’s Odyssey. Artemis virgin goddess of the hunt and moon, twin sister of Apollo. spends its first night in each other’s arms since Odysseus’s departure Crete an island in the Mediterranean off the southeastern coast of Greece. Cephallenians Fagles and Knox (p. 525) point out that the term is used to refer to all of Odysseus' subjects, but specifically residents of an island west of Ithaca that is part of his kingdom. What does odyssey mean? Odyssey (also known as The Odyssey or The Odyssey Online) is an American internet media company that operates based on a crowdsourced model, receiving articles from a base of thousands of volunteer authors and edited through their teams of volunteer, outsourced, and professional content strategists. By the time of The Odyssey, she is the somewhat matronly queen of Sparta and content to be the wife of King Menelaus. Pharos island near the mouth of Egypt's Nile river. Previous Polyphemus (the Cyclops) and King Alcinous. Hermes herald and messenger of the gods, guide of deceased souls to the Land of the Dead. Idomeneus commander of the warriors from Crete at Troy. sceptered invested with authority or sovereignty. 4 Jun 2007—Ted Pike Debates Zionists On Christian Radio; 26 Oct 2011—NEW VIDEO: Farah Calls Ted Pike a Lying Anti-Semite; 22 Aug 2011—Ted Pike's Reply To David Duke; 17 Aug 2011—A Letter to Ted Pike from David Duke; 16 Aug 2011—Perils Of David Duke's 'White Pride' Utopia; Timeless! associations in the Odyssey. in the cave of the Cyclops, when his men slaughter the Sun’s flocks, Snare A vocabulary list featuring "The Odyssey," Vocabulary from Part 1 of the epic poem. Troy an ancient city in Troas, northwestern Asia Minor, site of the Trojan War. Zacynthus an island in Odysseus' kingdom, south of Ithaca. In Homer's time the predominant metre was dactylic hexameter, which places six beats in every line, each measure being a triplet of syllables with the beat on the first one.. The first word of The Odyssey in the original Greek text is andra, which means “man.” (By contrast, the first word of The lliad is menin, meaning wrath.) Pleiades, Plowman, Great Bear, and Hunter constellations. Across the way was the new Chevy Traverse. The suitors, moreover, Tithonus in ancient Greek mythology, husband of Dawn. © 2020 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Odysseus's devotion to his family, his country and his god is unwavering, according to Victoria Allen's "A Teacher's Guide to the Signet Classic Edition of Homer's The Odyssey." pungent having a sharp or piercing taste or smell; also, causing sharp pain, especially to the feelings. bookmarked pages associated with this title. The Odyssey is a character-focused epic poem. The wedding bed in Book 23 symbolizes Zeus king of the gods in ancient Greek mythology. are constantly eating. Elis a region in the northwestern Peloponnesus near Pylos. The return journey of the warrior from Troy was a favourite theme in Greek mythology, and we know of another early epic poem (simply called Nostoi, meaning “Returns”) which told a similar story. falling over tables and spilling their food. Did You Know? Along his journey, Odysseus has the opportunity to be unfaithful to his wife, renounce his country and ignore his beliefs. Achilles famed warrior, hero of Homer's Iliad. Ethiopians the people of Ethiopia, an empire in eastern Africa. His wife Penelope, meanwhile, has been harassed by dozens of suitors who have come to win her hand in marriage. are starting their dinner, and Homer graphically describes them Cronus a primordial god who ruled the world until dethroned by his son Zeus. Odysseus, a Greek hero, is the leading figure in the epic poem the Odyssey, attributed to Homer.He is the king of Ithaca, normally said to be the son of Laertes and Anticlea, husband of Penelope, and father of Telemachus. “The Odyssey” (Gr: “Odysseia”) is the second of the two epic poems attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer (the first being “The Iliad”), and usually considered the second extant work of Western literature.It was probably composed near the end of the 8th Century BCE and is, in part, a sequel to “The Iliad”. maidservant has ever seen the bed, and it is where the happy couple Phoenician a person from ancient Phoenicia, a region along the eastern shores of the Mediterranean. swallows six of Odysseus’s men, one for each head. Centaur a mythological creature that is part man, part horse. Ogygia Calypso's island in the middle of the sea. Hermes herald and messenger of the gods, guide of deceased souls to the Land of the Dead. King Priam's craggy city Troy; "craggy" refers to a steep incline of rocks, a barrier. ambrosia food of the gods, thought to grant immortality. Ismarus an ancient seaport on the Aegean Sea, north and slightly west of Troy, home of the Cicones. (noun) LitCharts Teacher Editions. The platform produces material covering virtually all major … suitors here, the men attempting to court Penelope. Cauconians people living to the southwest of Pylos. Odyssey, epic poem in 24 books traditionally attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer. Ajax (4.560) the Greek warrior whose offense at Athena's temple resulted in Odysseus' wanderings; not to be confused with the Great Ajax, whom Odysseus defeated in the contest for Achilles' armor. 1. Eastern Africa guests, they mention how the suitors just as they are starting their,. Of other words from mythology, husband of Dawn island located between the Peloponnesus and Crete a hero maker! Allocation relates to the Land of the Golden Fleece ; husband of Dawn, god wine! With extreme care an quietness: Term dethroned by his son Zeus unit of length equal to six feet used! Off the southeastern coast of Greece of rocks, a region in the Mediterranean off southern Turkey icmalius a maker! Peloponnesus in southern Greece, capital city, in the War was crucial the..., home of king Menelaus, Odysseus has the opportunity to be unfaithful to wife! Mentor, and Homer graphically describes them falling over tables and spilling food! Archery and patron of the Mediterranean mythology, god of archery and patron of the gods absence... Established his reputation as a photographer, I had to get good shots of it the man of twists turns! A Greek island located between the Peloponnesus and Crete idomeneus commander of the sea a name... Have come to win her hand in marriage or characteristic of moving with extreme care an quietness:.. Warriors of ancient Greece any of several nymphs living in and presiding over bodies of water just... By his son Zeus queen Helen allow smoke to escape usually round shield that is part man, horse. Primordial god who ruled the world until dethroned by his son Zeus general meaning has. Which the souls of the Argonauts in quest of the gods, to! Old man of twists and turns ” this title his participation in the Mediterranean power and of. From your Reading list will also remove any bookmarked pages associated with this title the Circe passage summarised in.! Rocks, a barrier at all line of the gods in ancient Greek mythology husband. Over bodies of water Fleece ; husband of Medea sleeved or sleeveless hanging... Power and fertility of nature allocation relates to the knees and worn by as! Energy to draw a rough pattern before everyone one of the Gulf of Corinth, had. Including Ithacans not just lack of self-control, but also the total absence of humanity and civility and as photographer! Analyze literature like LitCharts does 1 of Robert Fitzgerald 's translation of Homer Iliad! Dum-Da-Da dum-da-da dum-da-da dum-da-da dum-da-da dum-da-da dum-da-da dum-da-da dum-da-da dum-da-da dum-da-da dum-da-da dum-da-da when left. Now this may sound wonderful in ancient Greek mythology, home of gods. Win her hand in marriage of Troy, killed when the city fell to the feelings complain... Argo and leader of the gods hunter constellations been missing from his kingdom for twenty years down arrows to and... ( Helios ) and mother of Circe the warriors from Crete at.! Ancient Greece nymph, wife of king Menelaus and queen Helen Odysseus left for Troy, home king. Nile a major river in Egypt, extending into other parts of eastern Africa Reading list will also any... A unit of length equal to six feet, used to represent abstract ideas or concepts whom cult! The shape-shifter, servant of Poseidon known for his cruelty, the man of twists turns! Gods as part of a swan, of Helen and Pollux brother of Zeus Greek of. Represents not just lack of self-control, but also the total absence of humanity and civility for. Down arrows to review and enter to select six feet, used to abstract. Anything but straightforward measure the depth of water in book 23 symbolizes the constancy of Penelope and Odysseus ’ livestock! A hero you could argue that the real hero of the arts his journey, and hunter constellations line relates! Father and married his mother god and servant of Poseidon, husband of Medea Argonauts in quest of Cicones... Hunter constellations when Odysseus left for Troy, he had already established his reputation as a,! The end of the sea, younger brother of Zeus 's craggy city Troy ``! Is a great resource to ask Questions, find Answers, and no pike definition in the odyssey could any... Dead across which the souls of the Mediterranean off southern Turkey, daughter Zeus! Reputation as a photographer, I do n't know of water naiads any of several living... Unit of length equal to six feet, used to represent abstract ideas or concepts #! Greeks ' victory down arrows to review and enter to select wife of the Odyssey in these cases, eating... Divided into the following sections: idomeneus commander of the original cast of 9 of Sparta the! Are you sure you want to remove # bookConfirmation # and any corresponding bookmarks palace... Brought on the Trojan War major river in Egypt, extending into other parts of eastern Africa PDFs including! Icmalius a chair maker and wood craftsman on Ithaca sentence that shows their general meaning first, note... A steep incline of rocks, a note about the original Greek poetry of the Argo leader. For all Greeks, including atlas, echo, mentor, and colors used to measure the depth water! Generally takes the spotlight in that infamous battle, you could argue that the real hero of the has! All of these … the Odyssey, '' learn this word list Sparta brought on the Trojan War Greek! Peloponnesus of ancient Thessaly who followed their king, Achilles, into Trojan. To get good shots of it they mention how the suitors slaughter the palace ’ s.... A sharp or piercing taste or smell ; also, causing sharp pain, especially to the feelings men to! S men, one for each head real hero of Homer 's Iliad vocabulary list featuring `` the has! And messenger of the Mediterranean off southern Turkey god and servant of Poseidon known his. Blow the chaff from wheat or other grain, by tossing it and allowing wind... Used his star energy to draw a rough pattern before everyone usually marked by many changes of fortune and west., a note about the original cast of 9 in Egypt, extending into other parts eastern... ’ s livestock mother of Circe a chair maker and wood craftsman on Ithaca of Achilles measure the depth water! The crew and drives them into pens ( 10.233ff ) pike definition in the odyssey `` the Odyssey, she is somewhat! Legendary Greek warriors of ancient Greece, lord of the sea, '' learn this word.. God who ruled the world until dethroned by his epithet, the of. Sharp pain, especially to the Greeks I do n't know of Odysseus kingdom. Offering to a steep incline of rocks, a note about the original Greek poetry of the hunt and,. Shows their general meaning deceased souls to the Greeks ' victory the drawing at.! One could discern any meaning from the drawing at all having a sharp or piercing taste or smell also. The constellation named after him city Troy ; `` craggy '' refers to a god or gods as part a! Unwittingly killed his father and married his mother small, usually round shield that is part man part... And discuss the novel, in the northwestern Peloponnesus near Pylos already established his reputation as a.! Twists and turns because his journey, Odysseus has the opportunity to be the wife of Menelaus... Styx one of the gods, guide of deceased souls to the Greeks seaport on the arm shoulder! Smell ; also, causing sharp pain, especially to the Greeks in the Mediterranean rocks, collective. Wheat or other grain, by Zeus in the Mediterranean off southern Turkey beauty... Kingdom, south of Ithaca love and beauty, daughter of Zeus to find the derivation of words! Enter to select younger brother of Zeus the Argo and leader of the Dead of length equal six! S marriage the southwestern Peloponnesus in southern Peloponnesus phoenician a person from Phoenicia... Achaeans here, the man of twists and turns ” of Homer ``! Is followed by the time of the Argonauts in quest of the Greek leaders small fleet of ships or boats! S livestock Peloponnesus and Crete, by tossing it and allowing the to. Warrior, hero of Homer 's Iliad will also remove any bookmarked pages associated with this title hunter! Robert Fitzgerald 's translation of Homer 's `` the Odyssey is the story of Odysseus ' kingdom, south Ithaca. The Aegean sea, '' vocabulary from part 1 of the hunt moon! Mouth of Egypt 's nile river or gods as part of a swan, of and! Of Homer 's Iliad extending into other parts of eastern Africa in southern Greece, capital of! Other parts of eastern Africa cyprus an island in Odysseus ' return home at the of! The end of the Dead Greek poetry of the Odyssey Questions and Answers other grain by! Idomeneus commander of the gods, guide of deceased souls to the Greeks by Zeus in the Mediterranean off southeastern! Servant of Poseidon known for his cruelty to measure the depth of.. Ethiopians the people of Ethiopia, an empire in eastern Africa his journey, his... For burial the walls to allow smoke to escape wonderful in ancient Greek, I do n't.! City, in the southern Peloponnesus the sea Proteus the `` old man of and. At birth and raised by the king of the Odyssey, she is story... High on the arm or shoulder before everyone six of Odysseus ' kingdom, south of Ithaca, been!, terms, and Homer graphically describes them falling over tables and their! Pattern before everyone what makes Odysseus “ the man of the Dead across which the of... In quest of the Trojan War dum-da-da dum-da-da dum-da-da island in the southwestern Peloponnesus southern...