On December 25, 1956, unknown persons tried to kill Shuttlesworth by placing sixteen sticks of dynamite under his bedroom window. Former actor and president Ronald Reagan, upon learning the news, called Astaire "an American legend" and "the ultimate dancer." He litigated several major civil rights cases in Alabama, including some that reached the United States Supreme Court for rulings. He was not shy in asking King to take a more active role in leading the fight against segregation and warning that history would not look kindly on those who gave "flowery speeches" but did not act on them. Shuttlesworth told him to tell the Klan that he was not leaving and "I wasn't raised to run. Sexual rights is not the same as civil rights and human rights. In May 1956, Shuttlesworth and Ed Gardner established the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights to take up the work formerly done by the NAACP. Frederick Lee "Fred" Shuttlesworth (born Fred Lee Robinson, March 18, 1922 – October 5, 2011[1]) was a U.S. civil rights activist who led the fight against segregation and other forms of racism as a minister in Birmingham, Alabama. He would not sell out, [and] you could count on that. He was a co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, initiated and was instrumental in the 1963 Birmingham Campaign, and continued to work against racism and for alleviation of the problems of the homeless in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he took up a pastorate in 1961. The JBHE Foundation. Vol. to organize the Rides[8] and became engaged with ensuring the success of the rides, especially during their stint in Alabama. 733, The University of Alabama Press , 2002. Astaire and Rogers appeared in several more films together, including The Gay Divorcee (1934) and Top Hat (1935). Similarly, when the United States Supreme Court ruled in December 1956 that bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama, was unconstitutional, Shuttlesworth announced that the ACMHR would challenge segregation laws in Birmingham on December 26, 1956. It used both litigation and direct action to pursue its goals. However, the actions of supporters like Shuttlesworth gave James Farmer, the leader of C.O.R.E., which had originally organized the Freedom Rides, and other activists the courage to press forward. Shuttlesworth to return to Birmingham for post-stroke therapy. Astaire and his first wife, socialite Phyllis Baker Potter, married in 1933 and had two children together, Fred Jr. and Ava. Off-screen, Astaire was known for his relentless pursuit of perfection. Fred and Phyllis remained a couple until her death in 1954. Shuttlesworth originally warned that Alabama was extremely volatile when he was consulted before the Freedom Rides began. Freedom riders: 1961 and the struggle for racial justice. Years later, they reunited once more for 1949's The Barkleys of Broadway. The duo became film's most beloved dance team. She has filed numerous lawsuits to prevent any unauthorized uses of his likeness or name. (2000), Walton, Val (February 19, 2008) "Rev. https://www.biography.com/performer/fred-astaire. He was matched up with another Broadway talent, Ginger Rogers, for Flying Down to Rio, also in 1933. I think it was important – for me, definitely, and for a city of people who were carrying on a movement – for there to be somebody that really represented strength, and that's certainly what Fred did. Shuttlesworth participated in the sit-ins against segregated lunch counters in 1960 and took part in the organization and completion of the Freedom Rides in 1961. He alienated some members of his congregation by devoting as much time as he did to the movement at the expense of weddings, funerals, and other ordinary church functions. Albert, Melissa. Shuttlesworth founded the "Shuttlesworth Housing Foundation" in 1988 to assist families who might otherwise be unable to buy their own homes. Library of Congress/The Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Long Struggle for Freedom, CBS NEWS, May 18, 1961, www.loc.gov/exhibits/civil-rights-act/multimedia/fred-shuttlesworth.html. He often appeared as himself for special tribute shows. Fred Shuttlesworth carries on a 40-year fight as the movement's 'battlefield general'. With Maxine McNair, Walter Cronkite, Chris McNair, Fred Lee Shuttlesworth. Dividing Lines: Municipal Politics and the Struggle for Civil Rights in Montgomery, Birmingham , and Selma . A documentary of the notorious racial terrorist bombing of an African American church during the Civil Rights Movement. Can't act. Fred Shuttlesworth was a Baptist Minister who was one of the top leaders of the Civil Rights Movement, working with Martin Luther King Jr. and the SCLC. They resented both the damage Connor was doing to Birmingham's image around the world and his high-handed attitude toward them. The pair went their separate ways after 1939's The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle. The role opened the door to new opportunities, and Astaire signed a contract with RKO Radio Pictures. He was devoted to his family. [2], When Shuttlesworth and his wife Ruby attempted to enroll their children in John Herbert Phillips High School,[5] a previously all-white public school in Birmingham in the summer of 1957,[6] a mob of Klansmen attacked them, with the police nowhere to be seen. Astaire is usually remembered for his pairings with Ginger Rogers, who starred in several films with him, including Swing Time (1936). Shuttlesworth thus played a role in the efforts that led to the passage of the two great legislative accomplishments of the Civil Rights Movement. Thrown into solitary confinement, King was initially denied access to his lawyers or allowed to contact his wife, ... Fred Shuttlesworth, Noted Civil Rights Leader, Dies at 89. [23] His stepfather, William N. Shuttlesworth, worked as a coal miner and a bootlegger. "The Road to Change. Shuttlesworth invited SCLC and King to come to Birmingham in 1963 to lead the campaign to desegregate it through mass demonstrations–what Shuttlesworth called "Project C", the "C" standing for "confrontation". 159–62. This occurred when James Bevel initiated and organized the young students of the city to stand up for their rights. [10] Shuttlesworth took in the Freedom Riders at the Bethel Baptist Church, allowing them to recuperate after the violence that had occurred earlier in the day. [4][5] His assailants included Bobby Frank Cherry, who six years later was involved in the 16th Street Baptist Church Bombing. African American Registry. © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. Named president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in August 2004, he resigned later in the year, complaining that "deceit, mistrust and a lack of spiritual discipline and truth have eaten at the core of this once-hallowed organization". Arsenault, Raymond (2006). In later years he took part in commemorative activities in Selma at the time of the anniversary of the famous march. Shuttlesworth got his licensed as a country preacher when he was changing from a Methodist to a Baptist Christian. Malcolm X (May 19, 1925–February 21, 1965) was a prominent figure during the Civil Rights era. Nash noted, Fred was practically a legend. Shuttlesworth's fervent passion for equality made him a role model to many of the Riders.[2]. With his passing, Hollywood had lost one of its greatest talents. Born in Mount Meigs, Alabama, Shuttlesworth became pastor of the Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham in 1953 and was Membership Chairman of the Alabama state chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1956, when the State of Alabama formally outlawed it from operating within the state. Gene Kelly was a dancer whose athletic style transformed the movie musical and did much to change the American public's conception of male dancers. [25]. "[citation needed], In 1958, Shuttlesworth survived another attempt on his life. Shuttlesworth noted that he respected the courage of the activists proposing the Rides but that he felt other actions could be taken to accelerate the Civil Rights Movement that would be less dangerous. Comedian and film actor Groucho Marx was one of the Marx Brothers. He would not back down, and you could count on it. [2] He returned to Birmingham after his retirement in 2007. Astaire started performing as a child, partnering up with his older sister Adele. [4], In 1957, Shuttlesworth, along with Martin Luther King Jr., Ralph Abernathy from Montgomery, Joseph Lowery from Mobile, Alabama, T. J. Jemison from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Charles Kenzie Steele from Tallahassee, Florida, A. L. Davis from New Orleans, Louisiana, Bayard Rustin and Ella Baker founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. And he returned to St. Augustine in 2004 to take part in a celebration of the fortieth anniversary of the St. Augustine movement there.[2][17]. I think what they propose is special rights. 733, The University of Alabama Press , 2002. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Fred Shuttlesworth… Off-screen, Astaire was more casual than his upper-crust characters. Shuttlesworth somehow escaped unhurt even though his house was heavily damaged. The White House – Office of the Press Secretary, Fred Shuttleswoth's oral history video excerpts, Fred Shuttleswoth in The Road to Equality roundtable discussion, Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County, John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights, Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement, Green v. County School Board of New Kent County, Council for United Civil Rights Leadership, Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, List of lynching victims in the United States, Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fred_Shuttlesworth&oldid=994008510, Activists for African-American civil rights, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, White, Marjorie, Manis, Andrew, eds. He died on June 22, 1987, in Los Angeles, California. In 1963, Shuttlesworth was set on provoking a crisis that would force the authorities and business leaders to recalculate the cost of segregation. Katharine Hepburn once described what each of them brought their successful partnership: "Fred gave Ginger class, and Ginger gave Fred sex.". Even as the business class was beginning to see the end of segregation, Connor was determined to maintain it. He thought nothing of rehearsing a scene for days, and Rogers eventually tired of the grueling schedule. Fred Hampton was a leader in the Black Panther Party who was harassed and targeted by local law enforcement and the FBI, resulting in his murder during a police raid on his apartment on December 4, 1969. The Kentucky Wildcats are off to a 1-6 start, and coach John Calipari thinks he’s at least partly to blame for that. On July 16, 2008, the Birmingham, Alabama, Airport Authority approved changing the name of the Birmingham's airport in honor of Shuttlesworth. While Shuttlesworth was willing to negotiate with political and business leaders for peaceful abandonment of segregation, he believed, with good reason, that they would not take any steps that they were not forced to take. ", "James L. Bevel The Strategist of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement" by Randy Kryn, a paper in. He had done a screen test, but he failed to attract any interest. Around this time, Astaire received his only Academy Award nomination for his supporting role in the 1974 disaster film The Towering Inferno. Freedom riders: 1961 and the struggle for racial justice. After the Riders were badly beaten and nearly killed in Birmingham and Anniston during the Rides, he sent deacons to pick up the Riders from a hospital in Anniston. Some of his most famous musicals from his later career include Easter Parade with Garland and Funny Face with Hepburn. CBS, director J. Shuttlesworth was apparently personally fearless, even though he was aware of the risks he ran. Astaire received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Film Institute in 1981. In April 1963, King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) joined Birmingham’s local campaign organized by Rev. Astaire shocked friends and family when he remarried in 1980. Under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr., the organization drew on the power and independence of black … Offering an alternative view to the mainstream Civil Rights movement, Malcolm X advocated for both the establishment of a separate Black community (rather than integration) and the use of violence in self-defense (rather than non-violence). His family won a civil lawsuit against O.J. Directed by Spike Lee. Fred Goldman is the father of Ron Goldman, who was murdered with Nicole Brown Simpson in 1994. [2], The students involved in the Rides appreciated Shuttlesworth's commitment to the principles of the Freedom Rides – ending the segregationist laws of the Jim Crow South. from Alabama State University. Fred Shuttlesworth on Bombings and Beatings in 1950s Birmingham. In 1997, however, she granted permission for film clips of Astaire to be changed and used for a series of vacuum cleaner commercials. Dividing Lines: Municipal Politics and the Struggle for Civil Rights in Montgomery, Birmingham , and Selma . In 1932, Astaire suffered a career setback. Actress and singer Judy Garland was the star of many classic musical films, including 'The Wizard of Oz,' and known for her tremendous talent and troubled life. [12] He may have made dancing look easy, but he was a well-known perfectionist, and his work was the product of endless hours of practice. Fred Rogers was host of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood on PBS, a revered children's TV show. His sister Adele retired from the act to marry a British aristocrat. Oxford UP. Freedom riders: 1961 and the struggle for racial justice. “Fred Shuttleworth:The Man Who Pushed Martin Luther King Jr. The JBHE Foundation , doi:10.2307/2678916. Just a day earlier, the city’s business leaders had reached an agreement with its black residents, led by the Rev. The campaign was led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Reverends James Bevel and Fred Shuttlesworth, among others. [26][27] By order of Alabama governor Robert Bentley, flags on state government buildings were to be lowered to half-staff until Shuttlesworth's interment. A few years later, Astaire was hospitalized for pneumonia. The televised images of Connor's directing handlers of police dogs to attack young unarmed demonstrators and firefighters' using hoses to knock down children had a profound effect on American citizens' view of the civil rights struggle, and helped lead to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. On October 5, 2011, Shuttlesworth died at the age of 89 in his hometown of Birmingham, Alabama. The ACMHR raised almost all of its funds from local sources at mass meetings. “Fred Shuttlesworth Americans Minister And Civil Rights Activist.” Encyclopedia Britannica, March 14, 2019, www.britannica.com/biography/Fred-Shuttlesworth. In its 1969 decision of Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham, the Supreme Court reversed Shuttlesworth's conviction, determining that circumstances indicated that the parade permit was denied not to control traffic, as the state contended, but to censor ideas. He also helped raise her son from an earlier union. [18], In 1998, South Crescent Avenue in Cincinnati was renamed in his honor.[19]. Astaire had a growing interest in dramatic parts, working on such series as Dr. Kildare. Fred Astaire is regarded by many as the greatest popular music dancer of all time. Legendary screen presence Marlon Brando performed for more than 50 years and is famous for such films as A Streetcar Named Desire and The Godfather. "Fred Shuttlesworth, Minister and Leader!". pp. [28], He is buried in the Oak Hill Cemetery in Birmingham.[29]. 166–9. He floundered a bit professionally without his usual partner, but then decided to go to Hollywood to try once more to break into film. On October 27, 2008, the airport was officially changed to Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport. Arsenault, Raymond (2006). Despite a more than 40-year age difference, the pair's mutual interest in horses and racing turned into romance. Fred Astaire was an American dancer of stage and film who is best known for a number of successful musical comedy films in which he starred with Ginger Rogers. The Birmingham News (February 26, 2006). A church member standing guard saw a bomb that had been placed by the church and quickly moved it to the street before it went off.[2]. In 1998, Shuttlesworth became an early signer and supporter of the Birmingham Pledge, a grassroots community committed to combating racism and prejudice. Can dance a little.". Mills Thornton III. He spent nearly seven decades making people laugh with his snappy one-liners and sharp wit. As his movie roles tapered off, Astaire worked more in television. Shuttlesworth organized the Greater New Light Baptist Church in 1966. The Birmingham Civil Rights Institute announced that it intends to include Shuttlesworth's burial site on the Civil Rights History Trail. Prompted by the removal of a non-cancerous brain tumor in August of the previous year, he gave his final sermon in front of 300 people at the Greater New Light Baptist Church on March 19, 2006—the weekend of his 84th birthday. Fred Rogers was the much-loved host of the public television show 'Mister Rogers' Neighborhood,' which ran on PBS from 1968 to 2001. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! The SCLC adopted a motto to underscore its commitment to nonviolence: "Not one hair of one head of one person should be harmed.". One of the 1963 demonstrations he led resulted in Shuttlesworth's being convicted of parading without a permit from the City Commission. Shuttlesworth embraced that philosophy, even though his own personality was combative, headstrong and sometimes blunt-spoken to the point that he frequently antagonized his colleagues in the Civil Rights Movement as well as his opponents. ", Fred Shuttlesworth attended Rosedale High School from which he graduated as the valedictorian. In 1965, he was active in the Selma Voting Rights Movement, and its march from Selma to Montgomery which led to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Slightly balding. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Rev. [11], The violence in Anniston and Birmingham almost led to a quick end to the Freedom Rides. In 1964, he traveled to St. Augustine, Florida (which he often cited as the place where the civil rights struggle met with the most violent resistance), taking part in marches and widely publicized beach wade-ins. Fred David Gray (born December 14, 1930) is a civil rights attorney, preacher and activist who practices law in Alabama. Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport, Birmingham Civil Rights Institute Fred L. Shuttlesworth Human Rights Award, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, https://www.deseret.com/1998/11/10/19411496/cincinnati-street-s-name-honors-a-king-associate, "O'Connor wins top honor at Jefferson Awards fete", "City voters repeal amendment on gay rights", "Coming to terms with gay issues: Region leans toward tolerance, not acceptance", "Fred L. Shuttlesworth, courageous civil rights fighter, dies at 89", "Birmingham civil rights leader Fred Shuttlesworth dies", "Alabama Gov. [13], When Shuttlesworth prepared the Riders to leave Birmingham and they reached the Greyhound Terminal, the Riders found themselves stranded as no bus driver was willing to drive the controversial group into Mississippi. Read more about his life and work on Biography.com. Finally, Astaire landed a small role in 1933's Dancing Lady with Joan Crawford. 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