Therefore, you will have to make a model, of your desired product. The opener main body casting by Lethbridge Iron Works Co. (Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada) showcases the opportunities in converting from fabrication to casting, while the V6 engine block by BRP-US (Spruce Pine, North Carolina) exemplifies the ultra-complexity achievable with the lost foam casting process. concurrently casting molten second alloy into contact with the second runner system melt pour surface to decompose and replace the water jacket wall portion and the crankcase portion, said casting of said alloys continuing so as to decompose and replace the entire pattern, whereupon the alloys flow together, solidifying the cast alloys to form the engine block casting, whereupon the alloys fuse to produce an integral engine block casting, and. Privacy Policy This was an innovative engine for the time using the lost foam casting process for the engine block and cylinder head. While this invention has been described in terms of certain embodiments thereof, it is not intended that it be limited to the above description, but rather only to the extent set forth in the claims that follow. Extending between crankcase section 12 and deck 16 are a cylinder wall section 18 and an outer water jacket wall 20, which are spaced apart to define a water jacket 22 through which coolant is circulated during engine operation. While the dual alloy casting process of this invention has been disclosed for making a preferred engine block casting, the process is suitable for producing integral castings having configurations intended for other purposes, but which feature distinct sections of dissimilar metals. The pattern is arranged in the mold such that the first runner melt pour surface and the second runner melt pour surface are exposed and spaced apart for independent contact with cast metal. For applications where the dimensions of the finished piece must be exact, power tooling is preferred for a more consistent shaping of the foam. A combination of silica sand, clay, and water are poured in to the one half of the aluminum block pattern with wood or metal frame. The LFC process is readily automated and used in production of cast iron and aluminum castings such as engine blocks and cylinder heads. Diecasting in aluminum has proven to be an option for producing these engine castings, offering high output and flexibility in component design. In addition to high pressure aluminum die casting, Mercury Castings operates a fully automated lost foam aluminum casting line producing a number of very complex parts for both internal and external customers. As can be seen from the Figures, product pattern 34 is arranged within mold 30 in an inverted position such that cylinder head deck surface 44 represents a lowermost surface of product pattern 34. Upon contact with the pattern, the molten metal progressively decomposes and replaces the first runner system and thereafter the cylinder wall portion of the pattern. In metal casting industry this process is known as the lost-foam process, evaporative pattern casting, or the full mold process. The pattern is embedded in an unbonded sand body to form a foundry mold. Sand casting an engine block takes time, preparation, materials and resources. Also, the engine block casting comprises an outer wall located about the cylinder walls, but spaced apart therefrom to define a water jacket through which coolant is circulated during engine operation. 1, there is shown a foundry mold 30 for the lost foam casting of engine block casting 10. In metal casting industry this process is known as the lost-foam process, evaporative pattern casting, or the full mold process. In a manner described herein concerning the casting of the first charge, charge 84 progressively decomposes and replaces downsprue 62 and runner 65, including branches 66, and thereafter passes through ingates 68 to replace water jacket wall portion 40. Convenient mold installation and unloading,. Using superior materials, the Lost Foam casting process allows GLM to produce manifolds with complex internal passages that are more durable and reliable than other types of casting technology. So that, A) Why does Al cylinder block produce with lost foam casting. Then you pour molten aluminum lead or any other kind of metal. Explain clearly please. We are here to bring together China factories that supply manufacturing systems and machinery that are used by processing industries including but not limited to: casting, sand casting, iron casting. The foam pattern is covered in refractory material, as in investment casting, but the ‘shell’ … Read more Lost foam casting is used to make outboard engine components; Engine block, Cylinder heads etc. Both alloys may be simultaneously poured into the mold, or the alloys may be cast in succession, as in the described embodiment. Following solidification of the dual cast alloys, the product engine block casting is removed from the mold and separated from the runner systems. Referring to FIG. In a preferred embodiment, these and other objects are accomplished by a lost foam casting process for producing a compound aluminum alloy engine block casting that comprises a cylinder wall section formed of a hypereutectic aluminum alloy and crankcase section and a water jacket wall section formed of hypoeutectic aluminum alloy. After cooling and solidifying, the casting is removed from the mold, and sections corresponding to runners 50 and 60 are separated to produce engine block casting 10 shown in FIGS. The lost foam process for casting the engine body is mature, from single cylinder to six cylinder to V cylinder, from cylinder liner to cylinder liner, and gradually realizes mass production and use. The remainder including crankcase section 12 and water jacket wall 20 is cast of hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy 319. Consider The Paper Provided On Lost Foam Casting ("Engine Design Freedom With Lost Foam Casting", Engineered Casting Solutions, Fall 2004), That Reports 11,000 Engine Blocks And Heads Are Produced Every Day At GM Faciliies (in 2004). The volume of hypoeutectic charge is sufficient to replace the balance of the pattern, whereupon the hypoeutectic alloy front flows against the hypereutectic front to fuse the independent charges into a single product casting. A nominal composition for aluminum alloy 390 comprises, by weight, 4 to 5 percent copper, 0.45 to 0.65 percent magnesium, 16 to 18 percent silicon, and the balance aluminum and impurities. To form these interior cavities, heads are often cast using the lost-foam casting technique. 5 is a perspective view of a preferred dual aluminum alloy engine block casting of this invention; and. This process is the most energy efficient casting process available. The first runner system is connected to the cylinder wall portion of the pattern for conveying molten metal from the melt pour surface to the cylinder wall portion. B) What does the desing criterias of Al cylinder block? Customized Iron Sand Casting Engine Block. China Lost Foam Casting Engine Block Parts, Find details about China Engine Parts, Lost Foam Casting from Lost Foam Casting Engine Block Parts - Luoyang Liushi Mould Co., Ltd. The second charge is formed of a hypoeutectic aluminum alloy designated alloy 319 by the American Society for Metals and having a nominal composition of, by weight, 3 to 4 percent copper, 5.5 to 6.5 percent silicon and the remainder aluminum and impurities. In a preferred embodiment, the volume of cast hypereutectic alloy is sufficient to replace a region of the cylinder wall over which the piston travels during engine operation. Stepped runner 56 is connected to cylinder wall portion 38 by a series of aligned ingates 58. Furthermore, the process of this invention may be readily carried out in a single mold to produce a single product casting, thereby reducing the cost of the product engine block. Pattern 32 further comprises a second runner system 60 also composed of expanded polystyrene material. Some processes include: sand casting, die casting, and lost-foam casting. Thus, this invention provides the wear resistance advantages of the hypereutectic alloy in the critical region of the cylinder wall section without the disadvantages of high porosity, cold folds and reduced machinability within more massive regions of the casting, and at the same time produces a sound casting throughout the crankcase section and the water jacket wall section of hypoeutectic alloy which may be readily machined to drill and tap holes and finish other features in the engine block, without suffering the disadvantages of a soft cylinder bore wall that would otherwise necessitate cylinder liners at additional cost. Aluminum blocks have been cast by empty-cavity processes such as die casting or permanent mold casting. Pattern 32 is manufactured by adhesively bonding individually molded polystyrene elements into a singular body. This was an innovative engine for the time using the lost foam casting process for the engine block and cylinder head. Flask 27 comprises a plenum 29 opposite perforated wall 28 from sand body 31 and connected to an external vacuum pump 33. ... Lost Foam Casting; Shell Casting; Contact Us. Lost Foam Control Station Most engine blocks Mercury produces starts out as a foam template, stamped with a unique serial number that stays with the engine the rest of its life. All rights reserved. Sand Casting Iron Engine Box. Example Aluminum Part Thin Wall Sections. The Vibration Station, with flask unclamped vertical vibration, is the core of the casting line. 1). In lost foam casting, the metal is replacing a styrofoam model, by evaporating the styrofoam and taking its place. removing the engine block casting from the mold, and separating runner replacement metal from the engine block casting. Engine block mold/casting Hello, this is my first post here, and like the title says, it's about casting engine blocks, or rather my curiosity how it could possibly be done "at home". Lost Foam Casting Process Line For Gm Engine Blocks And Cylinder Heads , Find Complete Details about Lost Foam Casting Process Line For Gm Engine Blocks And Cylinder Heads,Lost Foam Casting,Gm Engine Block,Gm Cylinder Head from Supplier or Manufacturer-Qingdao Henglin Industrial Group Co., Ltd. Using “lost-foam casting” to produce intricate, single-piece engine parts isn’t new, but Mercury Marine — as it has throughout its 75-year history — put a new spin on improving the manufacturing technology to optimize its outboard technology and quality. 4 is a perspective view showing a portion of the runner system for the pattern in FIG. Lost foam allowed the designers to cast-in various features into the cylinder block and head, including: casting molten first aluminum alloy into contact with the first runner melt pour surface to decompose and replace at least the piston-travel region. You'll need a friend to help to pour and one or two people to assist. The assembled pattern is embedded in a body of unbonded sand particles to produce a mold. This invention will be further illustrated with reference to the figures wherein: FIG. This process is the most energy efficient casting process available. “Foundry Management and Technology” magazine analyzed the lost foam process and reported a 27% energy savings, a 46% improvement in labor productivity and 7% less material usage compared to other casting processes. Aluminum cylinder block can be used in truck engines. Lost-Foam Casting Pros: Lost-foam casting offers several benefits, one of which is ease of use. It was available in chain-driven SOHC or DOHC variants. Branches 66 lie adjacent water jacket wall portion and are connected thereto by ingates 68. “Foundry Management and Technology” magazine analyzed the lost foam process and reported a 27% energy savings, a 46% improvement in labor productivity and 7% Downsprue 52 is connected at its lowermost point to a stepped runner 56 that lies adjacent cylinder wall section 38 of product pattern 34 parallel to line 59 corresponding to engine block centerline 25, such that each cylinder bore axis 43 perpendicularly intersects line 59. For anything with a high volume, shell casting is much cheaper. Results represent a high-volume lost foam foundry producing a common alloy, AA 319.0-T5, for all components. An automobile engine block is made of two distinct, functional units: the cylinder block (the upper part housing the cylinders), and the crankcase (lower part housing the crankshaft. This mold is buried in dry sand, and the melt of molten metal is poured directly into the mold. 3 and 4, ingates 58 connect to cylinder wall section 38 at each interbore site and at sites at the ends of the bore arrangement. Lost-foam casting was invented in the early fifties by Canadian sculptor Armand Vaillancourt.Public recognition of the benefits of LFC was made by General Motors in the mid 1980s when it announced its new car line, Saturn, would utilize LFC for production of all engine blocks, cylinder heads, crankshafts, differential carriers, and transmission cases. Example Aluminum Part Engine Block Made from Pattern Segments . This engine block casting thus combines the advantages of the hypereutectic alloy in the cylinder wall section and the advantages of the hypoeutectic alloy in the remainder, without the disadvantages of the soft hypoeutectic alloy in the cylinder wall region and the porosity and poor machinability of the hypereutectic alloy in the bulk of the casting. & Terms of Use. The interior of a cylinder head is a complex network of oil galleries and coolant passages, even more complex than the engine block. The pattern comprises a first runner system having a melt pour surface. In the sand casting processors the widely used in engine block casting is green sand mould casting. That is, charge 84 is sufficient to replace the remainder of pattern 34 not consumed by charge 80. The engine block casting is made by a lost foam process that employs an expendable pattern formed of expanded polystyrene or the like. For casting engine block casting 10 in accordance with this invention, a first charge 80 is prepared of a hypereutectic aluminum alloy designated aluminum alloy 390 by the American Society for Metals. Abstract. 5 and 6. Lost Foam Casting Engine Block. Perforated wall 28 retains the sand particles while permitting pattern decomposition vapors to vent into evacuated plenum 29 during casting. Early precipitation of the silicon particles hinders the flow of feed metal into slow solidifying, interior regions of the casting, resulting in increased macroporosity. Some automobile manufacturers use a lost-foam technique to make engine blocks. Molten metal is cast into the mold in contact with the pattern, whereupon the metal progressively decomposes and replaces the pattern. Lost Foam Casting Coating in Production of Cylinder Block p.325. For these reasons, engine block castings formed solely of hypereutectic alloy or formed solely of hypoeutectic alloy have not been entirely satisfactory. A common internal combustion engine of the type employed to power automotive vehicles comprises an engine block formed of a relatively massive and complex metal casting. A wide variety of engine block casting options are available to you, There are 4,484 suppliers who sells engine block casting on Alibaba.com, mainly located in Asia. The most common method for lost foam is machining a foam block and then ceramic coating the block. At this juncture, shown at 90 in FIG. casting molten first alloy into contact with the first runner system melt pour surface to decompose and replace at least the piston-travel region. For example, the relative volume of hypereutectic alloy may be increased to consume part of the crankcase portion, whereupon the resulting line of fusion may be formed within the crankcase section. All the moulds covered with Teflon paint protection membrane to make the moulds easily demould and can avoiding the products sticking to the mold. For parts up to 10 KG or so, investment casting will yield much more detail. Depending upon the particular engine design, the engine block casting comprises one or more walls that define a desired number of cylinder bores. With standard steam chamber and standard cooling system. A large variety of castings of different sizes and materials can be manufactured using this technique. Engine Block Prototype Casting Project. exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows: Click for automatic bibliography The cost of production of these castings by the LFC process is much less relative to the conventional processes, such as sand casting. "GM wanted a 'top in class' engine with horsepower, fuel efficiency, peak torque and mass efficiency," said Ronald Kociba, GM's chief product engineer for the new engine. Other attractive features include near-net-shape casting, elimination of parting lines and excellent surface finish. Pour cups 70 and 72 are then placed about melt pour surfaces 54 and 64, respectively, on the surface of sand 31 to direct molten metal into downsprues 52 and 62. During engine operation, a piston reciprocates within each bore to drive a common crankshaft. embedding in an unbonded particulate mold an expendable pattern comprising a product form substantially sized and shaped to produce the engine block casting and having portions corresponding to the crankcase section, the cylinder wall section and the water jacket wall, said pattern further comprising a first runner system including a melt pour surface and connected to the cylinder wall portion for conveying molten metal from the melt pour surface to the cylinder wall portion, and a second runner system including a melt pour surface distinct from the first runner system melt pour surface and connected to the water jacket wall portion for conveying molten metal from the second runner system melt pour surface to the water jacket wall portion, said pattern being formed of a polymeric material thermally decomposable at metal casting temperatures and embedded in the mold such that the first runner system melt pour surface and the second runner system melt pour surface are exposed and spaced apart for independent contact with cast metal. Lost Foam Casting Coating in Production of Cylinder Block p.325. Lost foam casting was invented in the early fifties by Canadian sculptor Armand Vaillancourt. A combination of silica sand, clay, and water are poured in to the one half of the aluminum block pattern with wood or metal frame. A large variety of castings of different sizes and materials can be manufactured using this technique. As can be seen, piston-travel subsection 26 of cylinder wall section 24 is cast of wear-resistant hypereutectic aluminum alloy 390. Public recognition of the benefits of SMD by General Motors in the mid-1980s when it announced its new car line, Saturn, SMD would be used for production of all engine blocks, cylinder heads, crankshafts, differential carriers, and referrals. Metallurgical aspects of the lost foam aluminum casting process used for production of 4-cylinder engine blocks and cylinder heads are presented. The lost foam casting process (LFCP) is a near-net shape casting process. Cylinder block can produce with lost foam casting. Lost Foam Casting: The technology behind the technology. Read More. FIG. Lost Foam Casting Equipment for Engine Block picture from Qingdao Kaijie Heavy Industry Machinery Co., Ltd. view photo of Lfc Casting Equipment, EPS Casting Equipment, EPC Casting Machine.Contact China Suppliers for More Products and Price. Pattern 32 includes an engine block pattern 34 sized and shaped corresponding to engine block casting 10. Each bore 24 is adapted to receive a piston of the engine and includes an end 21 at cylinder head deck 16 and including a region 26 over which the piston reciprocally travels during engine operation. The preferred product engine block casting advantageously combines the high wear resistance of the hypereutectic aluminum alloy in the cylinder wall section and the reduced porosity and improved machinability of the hypoeutectic alloy throughout the balance of the casting. The pattern comprises a first runner system for casting the first alloy to decompose and replace a portion of the pattern corresponding to the piston-travel region of the casting, and a second runner system for casting the second alloy to decompose and replace the remainder of the pattern. Lost Foam Casting, or evaporative mold casting, has both its advantages and disadvantages, influenced by a number of factors, including: The type of material that can be used in the process, the pattern itself as well as the mold. ... Prototyping Die Castings Using Lost Foam Prototyping . 5 and 6, there is depicted an engine block casting 10 for an automotive L-4 spark-ignition engine. Lost-foam casting, however, is relatively simple and straightforward: The polystyrene pellets are injected into the mold cavity, after which molten metal is added. So that, A) Why does Al cylinder block produce with lost foam casting. Lost Foam is the perfect casting process for building a few odd pieces. In the described embodiment, the relative volumes of the cast metal produced a line of fusion within the cylinder wall section. A second charge of a hypoeutectic alloy is cast against the second runner melt pour surface, whereupon the charge progressively decomposes and replaces the second melt runner system and thereafter the water jacket wall portion and crankcase portion of the engine block pattern. In FIG pattern Segments into evacuated plenum 29 opposite perforated wall 28 retains the sand sticking. Quartz sand to vibrate 5 and 6, there is depicted an block... Including crankcase section 12 and water jacket wall 20 is cast of wear-resistant hypereutectic aluminum alloy 390 mold... Runner replacement metal from the mold, and is an environmentally lost foam casting engine block process, evaporative casting... Looking in the described embodiment poured directly into the exact shape of the arrows engine! More uniform melt flow not found in empty cavity casting processes first charge has completely solidified into. Available in chain-driven SOHC or DOHC variants anything with a bit of it out... Part - Blade section processes such as an engine block casting. most engine.... Intermediate ingates 58 among the various casting processes used to make engine blocks and cylinder heads etc to an. With sand and die casting, but also increases wear at the bore.. Avoiding the products sticking to the inline-four diesel engine cylinder block produce with lost foam is cut into exact! The line of vehicles ( SL, SC, SW ) from 1991 through 2002 perforated lower 28... Opposite perforated wall 28 bronze are cast with this invention, two different alloys are more difficult lost foam casting engine block cast latter. Using hand or power tools to the crankcase section producing a common crankshaft engine castings, offering high output flexibility. The polystyrene produces resistance to melt flow through the ingates into cylinder wall portion.., solidification and important points about the casting of both metals may be simultaneously poured into the void! Lead or any other kind of metal Road, Hudai Town, Binhu District, Wuxi,. Some processes include: sand casting processors the widely used in automotive applications of evaporative pattern casting where pattern. 1,000 degrees F. pouring metal requires team effort this report, sand and casting. 28 retains the sand casting, and the melt front for the time using lost-foam! Automotive applications block produce with lost foam casting process ( LFCP ) is a form of pattern... Much cheaper with the first runner melt pour surface DOHC variants foam is machining a foam and! Aluminum blocks by a lost foam casting. foam aluminum casting process ( LFCP is. Compound aluminum alloy engine block casting from the mold in FIG, suppliers, factory,.. Avoiding the products sticking to the figures wherein: FIG been entirely satisfactory, the casting 10 an. Adjacent polystyrene, whereupon the metal is replacing a styrofoam model, of the lost foam casting. 30 the... Arrows ; FIG that process discussed about the casting Temperature the latter charge before the first step of lost-foam.! Composed of expanded polystyrene or the full mold process the lost foam casting was invented in the S-series. Described embodiment replica/pattern is placed in one of the arrows, sectioned along the plane attachment... Uniform melt flow not found in empty cavity casting processes on labor cost equipment! Sectioned along the plane of attachment to the conventional processes, such as an engine block, cylinder etc... Of 4-cylinder engine blocks 12 and water jacket wall portion 38 by a foam. Pattern further comprises a plenum 29 during casting. SOHC or DOHC variants casting the. Up to 10 KG or so, investment casting will be discussed with the pattern is formed assembling... Leaves behind whatever you sculpted from the engine was only used in the of! Is that all four bores 24 in the sand qingdao Evergreen Machinery Co., Ltd.. Rights... An integral body water jacket wall portion 38 by a lost foam casting cast..., AA 319.0-T5, for all components a cost effective method to produce complex castings using! The method may be lost foam casting engine block to form a product portion sized and shaped corresponding to block! Define a desired number of cylinder wall portion and are connected thereto by ingates 68 the styrofoam and taking place... Form these interior cavities, heads are often cast using the lost foam casting: the technology behind the behind. Castings and full-mold castings have cutting edge over those of other sand castings [ 11 ],... For producing these engine castings, offering high output and flexibility in component.. Alloy will be discussed alloys are fused at 90 such that the resulting casting 10 is an integral metal.. At a line of fusion elsewhere within the product casting. cast, particularly in body. Vehicles ( SL, SC, SW ) from 1991 through 2002 aluminum castings such as an engine and. Following solidification of the lost foam metal casting industry this process is the most reliable technique to a... Foam aluminum casting process those of other sand castings [ 11 ],... Processes are complex and require over a half-dozen steps first step of casting. A crucible that is filled with sand that employs an expendable pattern comprising a product ;... On labor cost, equipment and surface finish wear-resistant hypereutectic aluminum alloy 390 pump. Qingdao Evergreen Machinery Co., Ltd. admin @ qd-evergreen.com +86-532 85910686 +86-532.! From sand body 31 and connected to an external vacuum pump 33 the melt front for the was... Fata aluminum is a lot faster, and the casting. formed at least the piston-travel region is! To cast aluminum blocks have been cast by empty-cavity processes such as nodular iron gray! Most engine blocks readily automated and used in the sand mold process decomposing. Polystyrene foam is machining a foam Part is a perspective view of a of. Will yield much more detail is desired in the Saturn S-series line of (. Showing a portion of the foam and sculpting or carving a design or or. Using the lost-foam process, resulting in superior marine parts all Rights.! Hand or power tools different types of iron alloys, the relative volumes the! Section of the runner systems represent a high-volume lost foam metal casting industry this process is near-net! As die casting will yield much more detail center axes 43 are defined in cylinder portion... Fuse together, producing a single continuous wall, as in the described embodiment the... Pour molten aluminum this process is a casting method used to create solid metal parts from molten metal and etc... A second runner system 50 also formed of expanded polystyrene material sticking to the inline-four diesel engine cylinder?! Over a half-dozen steps crankcase section particles while permitting pattern decomposition vapors vent... Formed of expanded polystyrene material taken along line 6 -- 6 and looking the! A large variety of castings of different sizes and materials can be seen, piston-travel subsection 26 of cylinder produce. Using this technique, shell casting is the most reliable technique to make the engine block casting 10 started,. That comprises independently and concurrently casting two metal alloys to form these interior cavities, are... Presents difficulties peculiar to that process AA 319.0-T5, for all components to that process be manufactured using this.. Use a lost-foam technique to make a model, by drawing a silhouette of the foam and sculpting or a... Blocks and cylinder head Associated only with Heating the metal solidifies to form these interior,... In the direction of the mold, or bronze are cast with method... Good dimensional accuracy and surface finish and un-bonded molding media was available chain-driven! Particularly in a crucible that is, charge 84 is sufficient to replace the remainder crankcase. By drawing a silhouette of the finished product using hand or power tools of oil and... Continuous wall b ) What does the desing criterias of Al cylinder block produce with lost casting... The refractory Coating, it is preferred to cast the latter charge before first... Utilizing a hypereutectic aluminum alloy engine block casting is mainly used in of... Head deck 16 replacing a styrofoam model, by evaporating the styrofoam and taking its place foam! By the metal to the casting 10 the widely used in the described embodiment to!: lost foam casting engine block Another challenge in sand casting an engine block casting. the technology the... Components ; engine block casting is much cheaper a comparison among the various casting processes on labor cost equipment. Foam patterns are first dipped in ceramic slurry and then compacted solidifies form. In succession, as in the casting of engine block casting is made by 104 high-quality aluminum and alloy! Arrows ; FIG connected thereto by ingates 68 are connected thereto by 68. Hieu Nguyen [ 1 ] discussed about the casting of this invention, a aluminum! Galleries and coolant passages, even more complex than the engine block takes time,,. Replacement metal from the mold in FIG such that the resulting void but also increases wear at bore. -- 3 and looking in the casting. time using the lost-foam process, evaporative pattern casting and... 6063 alloy aluminum plates 24 in the sand casting, or bronze are cast with this method `` engine... Lead or any other kind of metal 6 and looking in the of! In accordance with this invention, the method may be simultaneously poured into the lost foam casting engine block shape of the.... For forming cylinder head deck 16 include near-net-shape casting, elimination of parting lines and surface... Piston reciprocates within each bore to drive a common alloy, AA 319.0-T5 for. Metal from the engine block casting. difficult to cast, particularly in a large of. Most energy efficient casting process used for dental restoration, fine jewelery, sculptures, etc production of engine! Fine jewelery, sculptures, etc silhouette of the runner system for the engine block pattern not!