Some are lianas (Gnetum) ... Economic importance of Gymnosperms . … As Gnetum species become increasingly endangered as a result of the poor harvesting practices, over-exploitation and erosion of the habitat, there is growing concern from the local population on the scarcity and difficulties to find the leaves. Gnetum as an economic crop has an important role to play in the fight against rural poverty. Economic Importance of Pteridophytes. There is limited and requires that similar initiatives in countries where Gnetum naturally occurs so that the genetic variation can be secured. In Nigeria the leaves are used for the treatment of enlarged spleen, for sore throat and as a cathartic (Ndam et al 2000). The selection of pilot farmers and the pilot sites was with the agricultural extension staff. Podocarpus sp. The permit is for one year and specifies the volume. The vines are then stripped of their leaves and bailed into bundles for transporting by buses to the various markets. have been described previously. Foliage leaves of cycas remain fresh for long period so these are used for adornment purpose. The vegetable is traded nationally and internationally and constitutes a recognised source of income-generating activity. For commercial purposes, the two species are not distinguishable. This will generate income for rural farmers thereby contributing to the reduction of rural poverty. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF GYMNOSPERMS ... (P cembra yield fatty oil from their seeds that are used as food and for paints. The wood is sometimes used for religious furniture. 2. If compared with other highly valued forest products as timber, Gnetum trade touches the life of … 12 13. The leaves also contain rhodoxanthin, amentoflavone, quercetin, myricetin, carotene, xanthophyll and ascorbic acid. Mialoundama, F., 1993. Cycas . [email protected]. Economic Importance Of Gymnosperms Submitted By : Dr. Madhumita Bhattacharjee Assistant Professor (Botany) Govt. The African species of Gnetum are dioecious climbers and only two species (Gnetum africanum Welw. Thuja sp. It is expectorant, useful in chronic bronchitis and especially recommended for gangrene of lungs. The habitat in which Gnetum grows is gradually disappearing and the species becoming very scarce to find. The African species of Gnetum are dioecious climbers and only two species (Gnetumafricanum Welw. Women dominate the marketing of Gnetum leaves in both internal and cross-border markets. Some are lianas (Gnetum) ... Economic importance of Gymnosperms . The results have been very positive and indicate that it is easier to produce seedlings from cutting than from seeds. Cycas revoluta, Cycas beddomei, Cycas circinalis, Cycas rumphii are some of the common species. In Ubangi (DR Congo), it is used to treat nausea and is considered to be an antidote to some form of poison (Burkill 1994). Sometimes they are fried in oil and eaten. Food Value: i. Economic Importance of Pteridophytes. Authors; Authors and affiliations; Chhaya Biswas; B. M. Johri; Chapter. This multimillion trade with Gnetum leaves has significantly increased their exportation to European countries and America where Africans resident in those countries consume it. 2. Pteridophytes commonly known as Vascular Cryptogams, are the seedless vascular plants that evolved after bryophytes. ii. pl. In this way Gnetum can continue to be a source of livelihood for the many people that depend on it. and G. buchholzianum Engl.) The gymnosperms are predominantly woody plants. Nutritionally, Gnetum is very rich in proteins and minerals. They are frequently used in landscaping of parks and gardens because of their evergreen habit and symmetrical appearance. This fails to specify where this volume should be obtained and what practices must be respected in obtaining the required volume. In Hladik, C. M. et al., Tropical Forest, people and food: Biocultural interactions and applications to development. Pines are very important economically. Rhizome of Ephedra gerardiana is used as fuel by the people of Tibet. (With Methods)| Industrial Microbiology, How is Cheese Made Step by Step: Principles, Production and Process, Enzyme Production and Purification: Extraction & Separation Methods | Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation of Olives: Process, Control, Problems, Abnormalities and Developments, The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Economic importance of gymnosperm 1.) Some species have been proposed to have been the first plants to be insect-pollinated as their fossils occur in association with extinct pollinating scorpionflies. Family- Cycadaceae . The Akwa pygmies: Hunting and Gathering in the Lobaye Forest. It generates income for a wide range of people in the villages who otherwise are left out from benefiting from exploitation of the forest. A fixed oil, used for illumination and also affective in rheumatism, is obtained from the kernels of Gnetum ula. Scientific Name. The Gnetum produced through cultivation taste the same as that from the wild and can be traded. The non-wood Forest Products of Central Africa: Current Research Issues and Prospects for Conservation and Development. College for Girls Sector -11, Chandigarh Uses of Gymnosperms Ornamental Source of Wood Paper Fatty oils Edible Products Fibers Essential Oils Tannins Medicinal Uses Resins Ornamental Cycas sp. One of the most economically important pines of the 1800s was the eastern white pine (Pinus strobus). Some species are grown as ornamental plants. as food, medicine and horticultural plants) of living Gymnosperms (including indigenous and introduced taxa) in India. What prevails on the field is exploiters totally exhaust the areas where they can find the leaves in other to make-up the volume. TOS4. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 118: 123-137. A planted Gnetum plant can produce about 1.9kg of leaves every six months. Family- Cycadaceae . There are two gametes in male gametophyte of Gymnosperms, but only one of the gamete is functional. A decoction of stems and roots of several species is used in curing syphilis and rheumatism in Russia. Flowers are unisexual and are without perianth (except Gnetum); the male and female cones are present. Economic Importance of Gymnosperms: ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. 4. Gnetum africanum Welw. Title: Economic Importance Of Gymnosperms 1 Economic Importance Of Gymnosperms Submitted By Dr. Madhumita Bhattacharjee Assis tant Professor (Botany) Govt. Attitude toward thrift. Gnetum L. is a genus of economic importance distributed in the humid rainforests of Central Africa. Before sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Pines are very important economically. The both species of Gnetum in their natural habitat are seriously under threat of disappearing. This involves developing methods of propagating Gnetum in farm situations, transfer cultivation methods to farmers, monitoring of farm harvest, consumption, and marketing of the Gnetum from the farm and the establishment of a gene bank to support the domestication process. Economic importance includes a traditional use as a tea (Mormon tea) in s.w. Cycas . Gnetaceae, a family of tropical gymnosperms in the order Gnetales (division Gnetophyta), composed of one genus, Gnetum, with 30 or more species. 4. The need to create a gene pool from the wild population was identified. The heart wood of this tree is resistant to insect/ fungus attacks & has strong scent. Pteridophytes are also used as a medicine. Hence the current harvesting practices do not encourage the growth and supply of future Gnetum leaves (regeneration). Ndam, N., J. P. Nkefor, and P. Blackmore, 2000. Other farmers are today visiting these pilot farms. Thuja sp. Trees predominate among the African species; most of the Asian varieties are woody vines, but among the exceptions is G. gnemon, a tree about 20 metres (65 feet) tall that yields a useful fibre and an edible, plumlike fruit. Podocarpus sp. Wood: i. The leaves and "nuts" are used for medicine all over the world. In other areas, much of the forest in which Gnetum grows is being degraded or converted into other uses. The socio-economic importance of Gnetum in the Congo basin region has been assessed (Avomo & Awori 1999; Foundoun & Tiki Manga 1999; Liengola 1999; Yembi 1998; Shiembo 1998). Eru provides employment to many women and children who collect and sell it throughout the year. The vegetable is traded nationally and internationally and constitutes a recognised source of income-generating activity. Three different staking conditions - life woody stake, dead stake, and no staking was experimented. Ornamental value: A number of gymnosperms are grown as ornamental plants, e.g., Cycas, Araucaria, Thuja etc. For easy understanding, the economic importance of Gymnosperms can be categorized in the following heads: (1). Oil obtained from the seeds of Gnetum ula is used for illumination. Essential Oils ; Medicinal Uses . Seeds of Gnetum gnemon, G. latifolium and G.ula are eaten after boiling or roasting. Wood is light coloured, straight grained & light weight. Among the gnetophytes, there are three families, three genera (Gnetum, Ephedra, and Welwitschia), ... is light and easily worked, so humans have exploited the group from the earliest times, and it remains economically important across a spectrum of economic systems and cultures; thus applied conifer ecology is broad field of study. People don’t understand the importance of the Gnetum Africanum popularly known as Okazi leaf.. Its a green leafy vegetable used in preparing various delicacies,cusines and recipes her in Nigeria and other African countries such as Congo,Gabon, Angola, Asia and South America. A manual was also produced on how to cultivate Gnetum for the farmers and the extension workers. Source of Wood Properties of Gymnospermic … have been described previously. Uses of Gymnosperms. These initiatives have registered varying degree of success and today, it is certain that Gnetum can be successfully domesticated and with a high potential of being integrated into existing farming systems. The African species of Gnetum are dioecious climbers and only two species (Gnetumafricanum Welw. Ephedra gerardiana tincture is effective as a cardiac and circulatory stimulant. The female and male gametophytes are dependent on sporophyte. Cycas plants appear palm like. Ruhmora adiantiformis is called the florist’s fern; since their leaf resists wilting they … The amount of Gnetum taken out of the forest now is more than what the forest can naturally replenishes. This trade has recently increased drastically into a multimillion dollar trade involving a wide range of people resulting in significant increased in the demand for the species from the wild. Description. No difference in performance was registered between life and dead staking. Today, dishes based on Gnetum leaves are prominent on the menu list in many restaurants in Centre and West Africa, and in special eating places offering African dishes in Europe and USA. The leaves and "nuts" are used for medicine all over the world. If compared with other highly valued forest products as timber, Gnetum trade touches the life of more people in the rural areas. Keywords Abietic Acid Larix Decidua Resin Duct Chamaecyparis Obtusa Coniferous Wood These … Besides being a lower plant, pteridophytes are economically very important. Fibers . Economic importance of Pteridophytes Diversity and distribution of Indian Pteridophytes ... 4.4 Unit IV : Gymnosperms Life cycle of Biota (Thuja),Classification Life cycle of Gnetum,Classification Life cycle of Ephedra,Classification Comparison between cycadophyta and coniferophyta. ‘Seed starch’ obtained from seeds of Cycas rumphii, Dioon edule etc. Economic Importance Of Gymnosperms Submitted By : Dr. Madhumita Bhattacharjee Assistant Professor (Botany) Govt. In this article we will discuss about the economic importance of Ephedra and Gnetum. The different species of Selaginella are grown as the garden plants. Economic importance of gymnosperms  As food  Seeds of some species are edible: Cycas, Ginko, Pinus, Gnetum  The seeds and stems of cycas yield ‘sago’ which is a starch and is also called “arrow root”. A more supporting and effective legislation is still required in most of the countries where Gnetum naturally occur. So far 19 provenance have been collected, all within Cameroon, and planted in the Limbe Botanic Garden. Virus is an infectious agent with microscopic size that needs living cells of plants, animals or bacteria to multiply. Sometimes they are fried in oil and eaten. The marketing of this product in local markets has so far not attracted government interest hence, is not taxed. Gnetum L. is a genus of economic importance distributed in the humid rainforests of Central Africa. The gymnosperms are predominantly woody plants. Economic Importance Of Gymnosperms Submitted By : Dr. Madhumita Bhattacharjee Assistant Professor (Botany) Govt. When a tadpole turns into a frog, its tail shrinks and is reabsorbed. In most cases, the harvesting completely eliminates the plant and sometime the underground tuber that has the potential of regenerating is damaged and later attacked by fungal infection or root rot disease (Shiembo 1994), which completely kills it. Ephedrine, an alkaloid obtained from several species of Ephedra, is used in the preparation of medicines for treating asthama, bronchitis, cough, cold, nasal disorder and hay fever. Economic Importance of Gnetum: 1. Cycas revoluta, Cycas beddomei, Cycas circinalis, Cycas rumphii are some of the common species. Nigeria Field 49 (1-4). They are frequently used in landscaping of parks and gardens because of their evergreen habit and symmetrical appearance. In some cases, the harvesters will completely exhaust an area of the species before moving on to another area. Oil obtained from the seeds of Gnetum ula is used for illumination. It is widely distributed in tropical and sub tropical region of eastern hemisphere of the world. Jump to: Common Names Economic Importance Distributional Range References Other Web References: Taxon: Gnetum gnemon L. Genus: Gnetum: Family: Gnetaceae: Nomen number: 17841: Place of publication: Mant. pl. Authors; Authors and affiliations; Chhaya Biswas; B. M. Johri; Chapter. Economic importance of Gymnosperms: Gymnosperms are of great economic importance. Carlquist, S. F. S., & A.R. Food and Agricultural Organisation. Molecular phylogenies based on nuclear and plastid sequences from most of the species indicate hybridization among some of the Southeast A… ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF GYMNOSPERMS ... (P cembra yield fatty oil from their seeds that are used as food and for paints. The names G. africanum and G. buchholzianum have been applied interchangeably to similar morphological forms of Gnetum … ii. and the Democratic Republic of Congo, show the importance of Gnetum species in. 2. have been described previously. People don’t understand the importance of the Gnetum Africanum popularly known as Okazi leaf.. Its a green leafy vegetable used in preparing various delicacies,cusines and recipes her in Nigeria and other African countries such as Congo,Gabon, Angola, Asia and South America. 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